One of the
most colourful temple festivals of Kerala, the spectacular Thrissur Pooram was
introduced by the erstwhile Cochin Maharaja, Sakthan Tampuran (Ravi Varma
1751-1805), and is celebrated in the Malayalam month of Medom (April-May). Spanning
a duration of about 36 hours, this illustrated festival of Kerala is referred
to as the ‘Pooram of Poorams’ and is witnessed by lakhs of enthusiasts
irrespective of religion or creed.
The word
‘pooram’, in Malayalam, literally means a group or a meeting. It is thought
that during the Thrissur Pooram, Gods and Goddesses of neighbouring provinces get
together to pay their respects to the Lord Vadakkunnathan.
History of the Thrissur Pooram
The Trissur
Pooram is said to have originated as a symbol of liberation from the oppressive
caste system practiced in ancient Kerala. The higher castes represented by the
Namboothiris ruled over Kerala autocratically. The efforts of Prince Ravi Varma
(Sakthan Thampuran) brought an end to this repressive state of affairs.
It is
believed that once upon a time, the largest temple festival of Central Kerala took place at Aaraattupuzha, where the
smaller temples from in and around Thrissur eagerly participated in the
festivities. But this practice was hindered by the aristocratic Namboothiri
supremacy which put an end to the custom and denied entry to these temples. In
such a situation, Prince Ravi Varma, who was the then ruler of Cochin State,
invited these temples to Thrissur to pay their respects to Lord Vadakkunnathan,
the presiding deity of the majestic Vadakkunnathan temple. The two other main
temples of Thrissur, the Thiruvambadi
Sri Krishna temple and the Paramekkavu Bhagavathy temple were instructed to
provide all help and support to the visiting temples. Thus Sakthan Thampuran
succeeded in putting a stop to the Namboothiri domination.
The pooram
has continued to be a tradition of Trissur since then and even today, it goes
on as per the prescribed age-old customs and traditions. The much popular
episodes of the Pooram namely the `Madathil Varavu', `Elanjithara-Melam',
`Thekkottirakkam' and `Kudamattom' are conducted with much vigour and vitality.
Religious Significance of the Trissur Pooram
The Thrissur
Pooram is considered to be the festival of the common masses in all respects.
People from all walks of life irrespective of religion, caste, or creed gather
to witness the spectacular festivities on the day of the pooram.
In this prominent
temple fair held on the grounds of the Vadakkunnathan temple at Thrissur
(Thekkinkadu Maidanam), two rival groups representing the Thiruvambadi Sri
Krishna temple and the Paramekkavu Bhagavathy temple fiercely compete with each
other in showcasing their capabilities.
The Thrissur
Pooram commences with the ezhunellippu (procession) of the Kanimangalam Shastha
in the morning to the Vadakkunnathan temple followed by another ezhunellippu of
six other minor temples. Totally, ten deities from in and around Thrissur pay
their respects to the Lord Vadakkunnathan during the Pooram.
Elephant Power
Think
Thrissur Pooram, and immediately the image that comes to our mind are those of
magnificently caparisoned pachyderms majestically lined up in all their glory!
Elephants
are an unavoidable part of the Thrissur Pooram and the best of the lot from the
length and breadth of the state are specially brought to grace the occasion. Both
the Thiruvambadi and Parammekkavu factions compete heavily in this aspect and
make full use of the rules which allow a display of a maximum of fifteen
elephants each. The sight of these impressive creatures in all their ornate decorations,
making their way through the milling crowd and lining up on the temple grounds
is indeed spectacular, and is witnessed not just by Malayalee enthusiasts, but also
a lot of national and international tourists who reach Thrissur specifically on
this day.
As part of
the Pooram celebrations, the decorations to adorn the elephants (aana chamayam)
are prepared well in advance each year by both the Thiruvambadi and Paramekkavu
temple boards, to be displayed to the eager public prior to the Pooram. (Aana
Chamayal Pradarshanam).
Kudamaattom
The
`Kudamaattom' or display of decorated parasols atop the majestically lined up
elephants are yet another colourful aspect of the world famous Thrissur Pooram.
This particular event is highly competitive in nature and is a matter of
prestige for the Thiruvambadi and the Paramekkavu temples, who fiercely compete
with one another in putting up the best display of parasols. The Kudamattom
brings about deafening cheer and sighs of amazement from the awestruck
spectators dazzled by the innovative and colourful exhibit. The most amazing aspect of this show is that
every year, both the temple wings bring in newer models for exhibition that are
an epitome of creativity.
Various
Pooram paraphernalia along with the decorated parasols are also put up on
display during the Aana Chamayam Pradarshanam held prior to the Thrissur
Pooram.
Panchavaadyam
The
liveliness and spirit of the festivities during the Thrissur Pooram is enhanced
manifold by the alluring effect of the ‘Panchavadyam’. Maestros in the
respective fields are roped in by the two competing temple factions and the result
is pure magic! The sight of multitudes flaying their arms and swaying their
heads to the beat of the music is indeed a fantastic sight. No other festival
in Kerala draws such an unbelievable crowd to a single event.
Display of Fireworks
The Thrissur
Pooram ‘Vedikettu’ or display of fireworks is undoubtedly one of the much
looked forward to attractions of this unique temple festival of Kerala. Both
the factions of the Thiruvambadi as well as the Paramekkavu temples are always
known to put up a spectacular firework
display.
Thousands
of people throng the venue and nearby areas just to witness the innovative and
breathtaking firework display which starts some time after midnight and lasts
to several hours at a stretch. A couple of days prior to the Thrissur pooram, a
‘sample vedikkettu’ or a sample display of fireworks are held, which is equally
enthralling in its beauty.
Trissur Pooram – A cultural Bonanza
The Thrissur
Pooram is considered to be the most popular temple fair of Kerala. Religious unity is the highlight of this world
famous event and even though it is a Hindu temple festival, both the Muslim and
Christian communities play a very prominent role in the celebrations.
Most of the
pandals put up for the Pooram are the result of the indigenous craft work of
related experts from the Muslim community who work untiringly months ahead of the
festival.
For the two
days of the festival, the CMS High School located on the western part of the Swaraj
round and owned by the North Kerala Diocese of CST Church,
is a hub of activity, being the headquarters of the Thiruvampadi Devaswam. The
temple elephants are tethered in the school compound. The ‘Aana Chamaya pradarshanam’
prior to the Pooram is also held at this
school. The decorated parasols for the ‘Kudamattom’ are said to be offerings by
various churches!
At these
times, when the secular fabric of the Indian society is slowly decomposing and
the feelings of religious intolerance are swiftly on the rise, one cannot but
admire the relevance of the Thrissur Pooram, which strives to bring all
religious communities under one banner.